Insights & Intelligence

Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) are often negotiated with considerable attention given to commercial terms such as tariff, payment security, term, and termination rights. Yet many of the disputes that emerge during construction and operation do not arise from the main body of the agreement. They originate in the annexures, technical schedules, and performance specifications that define how the facility is expected to operate.

Technical schedules govern commissioning, commercial operation, performance guarantees, metering, testing, and compliance with grid requirements. Ambiguous drafting or inconsistent definitions in these schedules can quietly erode a project's contractual entitlement, particularly where generation is affected by commissioning delays, curtailment events, or performance disputes.

Many of these issues are identifiable before execution of the agreement and can be addressed through careful drafting without materially altering the commercial balance between the parties.

Independent technical due diligence is too often confused with vendor due diligence. Four questions that distinguish them, what a credible LTA report requires, and why the difference matters when the project is in distress.

PSC composition, cadence, voting thresholds, and the documentation discipline that turns a steering committee from a status meeting into a governance instrument. Drawn from direct COO and Project Director experience.

A structured comparison of EPC, EPCM, and split multi-contracting on large-scale solar in Vietnam, with analysis of PPA interface risk, customs obligations, and grid-code compliance under current ERAV requirements.

Ten lessons drawn from the development, construction, and commissioning of Mongolia's first wind farm — what was structural, what was situational, and what governance framework elements are reusable in any frontier-market renewable EPC.